Implementing and Optimizing a Basic EC2 + RDS Architecture for Cost Efficiency

Introduction

Starting simple is often best for small projects or development environments. A basic setup with a single EC2 instance and RDS database can be cost-effective if done right.

Implementation Steps

1. Launch EC2 Instance
   • Choose a low-cost instance type (e.g., t3.micro or t3.small).
   • Use Amazon Linux 2 or another lightweight AMI to minimize resource use.
   • Attach an EBS volume sized appropriately (avoid overprovisioning).
2. Set up RDS Database
   • Select db.t3.micro or db.t3.small for the database engine (MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.).
   • Enable storage autoscaling if possible.
   • Use Multi-AZ only if absolutely needed (adds cost).
3. Configure Networking
   • Use a simple VPC with public/private subnets as needed.
   • Secure the instance with security groups, limiting access.

Cost Optimization Tips

• Right-size Instances: Start small and monitor CPU and memory. Upgrade only when necessary.
• Use Spot or Reserved Instances: For non-critical workloads, spot instances save up to 90%. For steady workloads, reserved instances can cut costs by up to 70%.
• Delete Unused Resources: Clean up unattached EBS volumes, snapshots, and idle RDS instances.
• Turn Off Dev Instances When Not Needed: Stop or terminate instances outside working hours.
• Enable RDS Storage Autoscaling: Avoid paying for excess storage you don’t need.